![]() Recent research on expertise emphasizes the nurture side of the nature and nurture argument. In many domains of expertise estimates of 10 years' experience deliberate practice are common. Many accounts of the development of expertise emphasize that it comes about through long periods of deliberate practice. In the second view, expertise is a characteristic of individuals and is a consequence of the human capacity for extensive adaptation to physical and social environments. In this view expertise is socially constructed tools for thinking and scripts for action are jointly constructed within social groups enabling that group jointly to define and acquire expertise in some domain. The first understands expertise as an emergent property of communities of practice. There are two academic approaches to the understanding and study of expertise. The decision may be binding or advisory, according to the agreement between the parties in dispute. The word expertise is used to refer also to expert determination, where an expert is invited to decide a disputed issue. In many domains there are objective measures of performance capable of distinguishing experts from novices: expert chess players will almost always win games against recreational chess players expert medical specialists are more likely to diagnose a disease correctly etc. Expertise Įxpertise characteristics, skills and knowledge of a person (that is, expert) or of a system, which distinguish experts from novices and less experienced people. Studies have investigated the factors that enable experts to be fast and accurate. The fundamental aim of this research is to describe what it is that experts know and how they use their knowledge to achieve performance that most people assume requires extreme or extraordinary ability. Some researchers have investigated the cognitive structures and processes of experts. Research in this area attempts to understand the relation between expert knowledge, skills and personal characteristics and exceptional performance. In law, an expert witness must be recognized by argument and authority. Another example from computer science is that an expert system may be taught by a human and thereafter considered an expert, often outperforming human beings at particular tasks. In this respect, a shepherd with 50 years of experience tending flocks would be widely recognized as having complete expertise in the use and training of sheep dogs and the care of sheep. In specific fields, the definition of expert is well established by consensus and therefore it is not always necessary for individuals to have a professional or academic qualification for them to be accepted as an expert. The individual was usually a profound thinker distinguished for wisdom and sound judgment. ![]() Historically, an expert was referred to as a sage. An expert can be believed, by virtue of credentials, training, education, profession, publication or experience, to have special knowledge of a subject beyond that of the average person, sufficient that others may officially (and legally) rely upon the individual's opinion on that topic. Experts are called in for advice on their respective subject, but they do not always agree on the particulars of a field of study. ![]() An expert, more generally, is a person with extensive knowledge or ability based on research, experience, or occupation and in a particular area of study. Informally, an expert is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely is accorded authority and status by peers or the public in a specific well-distinguished domain. ( March 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Īn expert is somebody who has a broad and deep understanding and competence in terms of knowledge, skill and experience through practice and education in a particular field or area of study. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. ![]()
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